Velocity Profiles Research Articles

Theoretical investigation of the convective heat transfer mechanism along a cantilever shape

The present study aims to investigate the steady state mixed convection flow for a viscous incompressible fluid along a cantilever shape. The study has analyzed the impact of mixed convection boundary layer flow behavior and heat transfer characteristic of the cantilever shape. The leading equations for the said problem are the Navier-Stokes and energy equations. These leading equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using the stream function formulation, and the numerical solution is obtained using the shooting technique with BVP4C and built in MATLAB program. The impact of dimensionless parameters such as n, Pr, and λ on the velocity and temperature profile within the boundary layer of the cantilever cylinder is presented graphically. The results for velocity slope and temperature gradient under the effects of various emerging parameters are presented in tables. The study has concluded that mixed convection parameter has a significant impact on the velocity and temperature distribution, as well as on the velocity slope and temperature gradient rates along a cantilever shape geometry. The outcomes of the current study can be utilized for the design and optimization of various engineering devices involving cantilever shapes. Further, research regarding the impact of other parameters on the cantilever shape including heat transfer characteristics can be conducted using the approach presented in this study. The novelty of the current work can be claimed by saying that for reduced gravity, other forces involved in the flow model induced the fluid motion and temperature gradient.

Investigation into silver-engine oil nanoliquid convinced by Riga surface: Deviations in three binary nanofluids

The Riga plate is the inventive magnetic mechanism created from assembly of arranged constant magnets and alternate electrode through the plane surface. The inventive magnetic mechanism produces the wall-parallel Lorentz force into postponing the boundary layer division and reducing turbulence effect. In this analysis, the flow performance on silver-engine oil-based nanoparticles by Casson–Jeffrey, Casson–Oldroyd-B and Casson–Maxwell binary nanofluids through the Riga plate was analyzed. By analyzing the correlation transformation, the controlling model was changed into a system of ordinary differential equations, it has been resolved by applying finite element methods. The investigation of the acquired outcomes had been verified by the flow by second-grade fluids which affected importantly the governing parameters. The both EMHD parameter and nanoparticles had acted on the thermal improvement of these non-Newtonian employing fluids. The velocity profiles were magnified when the Lorentz force was instigated over the EMHD parameter. Overall, this Casson–Jeffrey and Casson–Maxwell nanofluid model is more effective than the Casson–Oldroyd-B nanofluids model.

Tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow through a vertical cone: Unraveling thermal conductivity and Darcy–Forchheimer effects

Purpose: This paper demonstrates the way tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow through a vertical cone is influenced by varying viscosity and varying thermal conductivity. This study also seeks to illustrate the impact of convective boundary conditions on a fluid. The mathematical modeling also takes the Darcy–Forchheimer effect into account. Methodology: Using the appropriate similarity transformation, the fluid problem is reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These systems of differential equations are evaluated numerically by applying the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method. Findings: The nature of emergent parameters is examined in relation to the temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration profile, and velocity profile. An increase in variable viscosity corresponds to a decrease in fluid velocity, while enhanced thermal conductivity results in elevated fluid temperature. The skin friction coefficient, Sherwood, and Nusselt numbers are numerically examined for active concerned parameters. These findings can be put into practice in a variety of fields such as polymer cooling systems and medication. Originality: Existing literature has yet to explore the combination of tangent hyperbolic nanofluids with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity under convective boundary conditions.

Numerical simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow consisting of polymer–CNT matrix nanocomposites subject to Lorentz force and heat source/sink across coaxial cylinders

The hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow consists of polymer/CNT matrix nanocomposite material (MNC) across coaxial cylinders is numerically described in this study. The HNF flow is inspected under the consequences of thermal radiation, exponential heat source/sink and viscous dissipation. The HNF is prepared by adding polymer/CNT MNC in water. MNCs are highly productive elements with unique designs and properties. The MNCs are widely used in biomedicine and electrical applications due to their exceptional thermophysical properties. Based on their exceptionally high electrical conductivity, CNT/polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are also utilized as shielding for electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The HNF flow is modeled with the help of energy, continuity, and momentum equations. MATLAB package bvp4c is used to numerically handle the modeled equations. It has been perceived that the intensifying numbers of polymer/CNT MNC will lessen the fluid velocity and temperature profile in cases of both nanofluid and HNF.

A wind tunnel study of the effects of vegetation structural characteristics on the airflow field

Implementing vegetation is the preferred measure for controlling soil wind erosion. The physical variations in the wind velocity profile, such as the friction wind velocity (u*), aerodynamic roughness (z0), zero-plane displacement (d) and drag coefficient (Cd), are key to understanding soil wind erosion on vegetation-covered surfaces. However, the lack of systematic and in-depth research in the literature has led to significant controversy and uncertainty. Based on the wind tunnel data of wind velocities at 18 different heights near the ground surface for four plant heights (H = 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) and densities (ds = 27, 46, 97, and 193 N/m2) and six free stream velocity (u∞ = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 m/s) scenarios, the relationships among u*, z0, d, the parameters of u∞ and the vegetation structural characteristics, including the plant height (H), density (ds), and lateral cover (λ), are investigated in this paper. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The near-surface wind velocity profiles of the vegetation-covered surface can be divided into three segments with little variation in the wind velocity with height, a rapid increase in the wind velocity with height, and close to the free stream velocity. Their corresponding heights ranged from the surface to heights of 0.5 – 0.75H, 0.5 – 0.75H to 50 cm, and exceeding the height of 50 cm, respectively. (2) The zero-plane displacement increased with the plant height and density but decreased with the free stream velocity. The relationship between them can be expressed by Eq. (5). (3) The friction wind velocity of the vegetation-covered surface increased with the plant height, density, and free stream velocity. The relationship between them can be expressed by Eq. (6). The drag coefficient increased rapidly at first and then slowly decreased with increasing lateral cover, which satisfied the equation Cd = 0.00155 + 0.0111λ/(λ + 0.124). (4) The aerodynamic roughness increased with the plant height and density but decreased with the free stream velocity. The aerodynamic roughness of the vegetation-covered surface under different free stream velocities and lateral cover conditions can be expressed by Eq. (8). The study results are a basis for the modeling of the dynamics of wind erosion on vegetation-covered surfaces.

Investigating Non-Newtonian Fluid Behavior in Hydrocyclones Via Computational Fluid Dynamics

Expert researchers examine complex patterns of pressure, viscosity, and velocity in a CFD study of viscoelastic food inside hydrocyclones to obtain a detailed grasp of particle behavior and fluid dynamics. Velocity profiles show how fluids and particles flow through the hydrocyclone in complex ways, while pressure distributions show where high and low pressure is found, regions that are critical for maximizing separation efficiency. Furthermore, the analysis of viscosity fluctuations clarifies the intricate relationship between fluid rheology and flow dynamics, providing information on how food's viscoelastic characteristics affect particle trajectories and separation efficiency. Utilizing this comprehensive examination, scientists hope to optimize the design and functioning parameters of the hydrocyclones, which will in turn improve the efficacy and efficiency of particle separation procedures in viscoelastic food solutions. This will ultimately lead to improvements in food processing technology and product quality. Researchers look into the impact of geometric elements on flow patterns and separation efficiency in addition to these characteristics, such as hydrocyclone size and inlet configurations. Additionally, they investigate how different operating parameters, such rotational speed and flow rate, affect how well the hydrocyclone handles viscoelastic food items. Through the integration of these complex analyses, researchers hope to create all encompassing models that can precisely forecast and optimize the behavior of viscoelastic food flows inside hydrocyclones, opening the door to improved process control and food sector product quality.

Ultrasound vector mapping of common femoral artery blood flow in normal and early-stage stenosis

It is assumed that the wall shear stress (WSS), which determines the function of the endothelium, is constant along the arterial bed. The assessment of turbulence, blood flow velocity in the arterial system in healthy (13 patients) and in patients with the initial form of atherosclerosis in the femoral artery (42 patients) was discussed. The study quantified blood flow in the common femoral artery using V Flow with visualization of blood flow with a high frame rate. The results obtained in the femoral arteries were evaluated by the wall shear rate, velocity profile and oscillation index (OSI). It was shown that the average value of WSSmean in the femoral artery in healthy and in patients with stenosis <30–35% is 0.9± 0.4 – 0.91±0.4 Pa and does not significantly differ. The wall thickness in the common femoral artery in patients with the initial form of atherosclerosis was 0.9–1.1 mm, and in healthy patients 0.8–0.9 mm. The correlation between the parameters was evaluated by nonparametric analysis of Kendall’s Taub. It was revealed that there is no correlation between WSSmean and blood flow velocity (Vs) in both healthy and patients with the initial form of atherosclerosis.

Distinct profiles of cerebral oxygenation in focal vs. secondarily generalized EEG seizures in children undergoing cardiac surgery

ObjectivesSeizures are common in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2) by near-infrared spectroscopy is routinely monitored in many centers, but the relations between the levels and changes of ScO2 and brain injuries remain incompletely understood. We aimed to analyze the postoperative profiles of ScO2 and cerebral blood flow velocity in different types of EEG seizures in relation to brain injuries on MRI.MethodsWe monitored continuous EEG and ScO2 in 337 children during the first 48 h after CPB, which were analyzed in 3 h periods. Cerebral blood flow peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the middle cerebral artery was measured daily by transcranial Doppler. Postoperative cerebral MRI was performed before hospital discharge.ResultsBased on the occurrence and spreading types of seizures, patients were divided into three groups as patients without seizures (Group N; n = 309), those with focal seizures (Group F; n = 13), or with secondarily generalized seizures (Group G; n = 15). There were no significant differences in the onset time and duration of seizures and incidence of status epilepticus between the two seizures groups (Ps ≥ 0.27). ScO2 increased significantly faster across Group N, Group G, and Group F during the 48 h (p < 0.0001) but its overall levels were not significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.30). PSV was significantly lower (p = 0.003) but increased significantly faster (p = 0.0003) across Group N, Group G, and Group F. Group F had the most severe brain injuries and the highest incidence of white matter injuries on MRI among the three groups (Ps ≤ 0.002).ConclusionPostoperative cerebral oxygenation showed distinct profiles in secondarily generalized and particularly focal types of EEG seizures in children after CPB. A state of ‘overshooting’ ScO2 with persistently low PSV was more frequently seen in those with focal seizures and more severe brain injury. Information from this study may have important clinical implications in detecting brain injuries when monitoring cerebral oxygenation in this vulnerable group of children after CPB.

Flow resistance of emergent rigid vegetation in steady flow

Abstract Enhanced understanding of flow resistance in open channels with emergent vegetation is essential for flood management and river ecosystem restoration. The presence of vegetation can significantly alter bed resistance, leading to a challenge in accurately predicting flow discharge, water levels, sediment transport, and bed deformation. Previous studies on vegetated flows have focused on vegetation resistance, on which the impact of vegetation has been ignored or poorly estimated. This study proposes a new analytical model, built upon the momentum conservation law, to predict flow resistance to vegetated zones in a plain bed without bed forms, explicitly quantifying bed resistance and vegetation resistance in a corollary manner. The proposed model is benchmarked against five typical sets of laboratory experiments. It is demonstrated that the present model using a modified logarithmic velocity distribution performs best, whereas that assuming a uniform velocity profile considerably overestimates the vegetation resistance and neglects the effect of vegetation on bed resistance. The ratio of bed resistance to the total resistance is shown to range between 5% and 40%, and it decreases with increasing vegetation density and decreases with water depth. Therefore, bed resistance cannot be ignored when modelling shallow water flow with sparsely distributed vegetation. It is also revealed that vegetation arrangements significantly affect flow resistance, and therefore a model incorporating the effect of vegetation arrangement performs better. Overall, the present model facilitates a viable and promising tool for quantifying flow resistance in emergent vegetated channels.

An impact of Richardson number on the inclined MHD mixed convective flow with heat and mass transfer

AbstractThe two‐dimensional mixed convective MHD flow with heat and mass transfer is investigated for its behavior with Dufour and Soret mechanisms over the porous sheet. The copper–alumina (Cu–Al2O3) hybrid nanoparticles are used in the base fluid water. The governing system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations, obtaining the solution for velocity, temperature, and concentration fields in exponential form. The problem is demonstrated in the Darcy–Brinkman model, the impact of included parameters such as Richardson number, magnetic field, and Dufour numbers are studied for the obtained solution with the help of graphs. Increasing the magnetic field decreases both transverse and axial velocity profiles. Increasing the magnetic field and Richardson's number decreases the solution (Al2O3–H2O). Increasing the values magnetic field and Richardson's number decreases both transverse and axial velocity profiles. Increasing the values of the Dufour effect increases the axial and transverse velocity boundary layer. The magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over porous media works efficiently in liquid cooling and, therefore, has significant applications in industrial heating and cooling systems, solar energy, magnetohydrodynamic flow meters and pumps, manufacturing, regenerative heat exchange, thermal energy storage, solar power collectors, geothermal recovery, and chemical catalytic reactors.

Bejan number and entropy generation analysis of unsteady MHD non-Newtonian micropolar squeezed trihybrid nanofluid flow

Microscopic particles have incredible thermal conductivity making them essential in nanotechnology, electronics, materials science and heat exchangers. For suitable optimization of thermic engineering structure, thermal transportation has to increased but minimized the entropy generation. One of the basic reasons for the developing interest in tri hybrid nanofluids is its unique ability to increase thermal characteristics, that is very useful in numerous heat exchangers. Three distinct nanosized particles, namely silver, gold and diamond are considered with water as a base liquid. A set of dimensionless ODE’s are solved numerically by Bvp4c technique. The results of prominent parameters are elaborated and graphs are presented for velocity profile, entropy profile, Bejan and temperature profiles. Moreover, present result is compared with the literature and found a good agreement. It is observed that the Bejan number and entropy generation shows the opposite behavior for higher values of Casson and magnetic parameter. Further, it is noted that at the lower disk, squeezed Reynold number increases the skin friction coefficient and opposite trend noted against the upper disk. Temperature profile shows increasing trend for higher values of Eckert number. It is also noted that both velocities, temperature, entropy and Bejan number profiles for tri-hybrid nanofluid flow attains maximum values as compared to bi-hybrid and mono nanoparticles.

Unsteady MHD flow analysis of hybrid nanofluid over a shrinking surface with porous media and heat generation: Computational study on entropy generation and Bejan number

The use of hybrid nanofluids in real-world situations is essential for enhancing the efficiency of heat transmission, especially in cooling semiconductor technology and industrial processes. The entropy generation on unsteady Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a three-dimensional shrinking sheet is addressed numerically in this study, taking into account the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), nonlinear thermal radiation, porous media, heat generation, viscous dissipation, joule heating, and convective conditions. Using well-known non-similarity transformations, the model is carefully converted from partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Afterwards, the behaviors of critical physical characteristics are uncovered across different parameter configurations by a numerical solution using the finite difference technique in bvp4c MATLAB. The velocity profiles of hybrid nanofluid grow proportionately with increases in the values of ϕ2,M,A,K and λ parameters. As Rd,θw,Ec,Bi,H and ϕ2 increase, the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid rises, but as M and A increase, the temperature falls. The local skin friction in both the x and y- directions is increased by enhancing the unsteadiness A, nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ2, magnetic M, porous media K, and the ratio of strain rate λ parameter on the shrinking surface. The local Nusselt number is improved by cumulative the unsteadiness A, nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ2, magnetic M, and Biot number Bi parameter in the direction of a shrinking surface, while the Nusselt number decreases when Eckert number Ec, thermal radiation Rd, heat production H, and temperature ratio θw are improved. An upsurge in the magnetic parameter leads to the development of entropy generation. Increasing levels of the magnetic parameters led to a reduction in the Bejan number. At a nanoparticle volume fraction of 1 % and a nonlinearity radiation scenario, where the unsteadiness values are 0.5, the Nusselt number for hybrid nanofluid shows an estimated improvement of 10.55 % compared to regular nanofluid.

Simulation of hybrid boiling nano fluid flow with convective boundary conditions through a porous stretching sheet through Levenberg Marquardt artificial neural networks approach

In the domain of artificial neural networks, the Levenberg-Marquardt technique stands out for its innovative approach and convergent stability. It generates a numerical approach for the progression of a hybrid Cu–Al2CO3/water nanofluid on a porous stretched sheet (HNF-PSS), employing regression plots, state transition measures, histogram representations, and mean squared errors. This work explores the analysis of the fluid flow problem associated with HNF-PSS, introducing a novel application of an intelligent computing system that utilizes the effectiveness of neural networks trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (NN-TLMA). The initial mathematical expression, expressed in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) for HNF-PSS, undergoes transformation into dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The collection of data for the envisioned NN-TLMA involves parameters influencing the velocity of the HNF-PSS system model, generated using the Lobatto IIIa formula. The efficacy of the suggested NN-TLMA for solving the HNF-PSS is robustly verified by examinations of state transition dynamics, regression analyses, mean square error, and error histogram studies. The consistent alignment of the obtained results with corresponding solutions attests to the legitimacy of the structure, achieving a high level of accuracy within the range of 10–6 to 10–8. Insightful findings demonstrate that the thermal Biot number contributes significantly to an upsurge in fluid temperature. Furthermore, an augmentation in nanofluid concentration and thermal profile is found to increase the porosity strength of the medium. Nevertheless, an attenuation in the velocity profile is noted under these conditions. The application of this simulation work can be found in optimizing the designs of heat exchanger, in biomedical application and in renewable energy processes.

Stability of plane Couette flow with constant wall transpiration

Plane Couette flow with constant wall transpiration, i.e., constant blowing from below and constant suction from above, is a solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in terms of exponentials. It is characterized by two Reynolds numbers Re and ReV, where Re parametrizes the moving wall and ReV describes the influence of the transpiration. For this flow the modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation admits one of the very few exact solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions. Based on this, we solve the stability problem, though for the main part focus on temporal stability. For small wall-transpiration rates up to ReV≃6.71, the flow remains unconditionally stable, analogous to the classical Couette flow for arbitrary Reynolds numbers Re. By further increasing ReV an instability sets in and a minimum critical Reynolds number of Re=668350.491 is reached at ReV=9.799. Hence, around this point, the destabilizing effect of blowing outweighs the stabilizing effect of suction. By further increasing the transpiration rate beyond this point, the corresponding critical Reynolds number Re increases again and continues to grow. This limiting case is accompanied by the development of a strong boundary-layer-like velocity profile near the upper wall and the flow transitions to the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL). Thus, the present analysis comprises the whole range from classical Couette flows extended by transpiration to the ASBL, which is known to have a strongly stabilizing effect. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The multi-scale coupled model: a new framework capturing wind farm–atmosphere interaction and global blockage effects

Abstract. The growth in the number and size of wind energy projects in the last decade has revealed structural limitations in the current approach adopted by the wind industry to assess potential wind farm sites. These limitations are the result of neglecting the mutual interaction of large wind farms and the thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer. While currently available analytical models are sufficiently accurate to conduct site assessments for isolated rotors or small wind turbine clusters, the wind farm's interaction with the atmosphere cannot be neglected for large-size arrays. Specifically, the wind farm displaces the boundary layer vertically, triggering atmospheric gravity waves that induce large-scale horizontal pressure gradients. These perturbations in pressure alter the velocity field at the turbine locations, ultimately affecting global wind farm power production. The implication of such dynamics can also produce an extended blockage region upstream of the first turbines and a favorable pressure gradient inside the wind farm. In this paper, we present the multi-scale coupled (MSC) model, a novel approach that allows the simultaneous prediction of micro-scale effects occurring at the wind turbine scale, such as individual wake interactions and rotor induction, and meso-scale phenomena occurring at the wind farm scale and larger, such as atmospheric gravity waves. This is achieved by evaluating wake models on a spatially heterogeneous background velocity field obtained from a reduced-order meso-scale model. Verification of the MSC model is performed against two large-eddy simulations (LESs) with similar average inflow velocity profiles and a different capping inversion strength, so that two distinct interfacial gravity wave regimes are produced, i.e. subcritical and supercritical. Interfacial waves can produce high blockage in the first case, as they are allowed to propagate upstream. On the other hand, in the supercritical regime their propagation speed is less than their advection velocity, and upstream blockage is only operated by internal waves. The MSC model not only proves to successfully capture both local induction and global blockage effects in the two analyzed regimes, but also captures the interaction between the wind farm and gravity waves, underestimating wind farm power by about only 2 % compared with the LES results. Conversely, wake models alone cannot distinguish between differences in thermal stratification, even if combined with a local induction model. Specifically, they are affected by a first-row overprediction bias that leads to an overestimation of the wind farm power by 13 % to 20 % for the modeled regimes.

Mixed convection of ferrohydrodynamics magnetized hybrid ferrofluid on a slip-permeable stretching sheet

Mixed convection significantly affects fluid flow and heat transfer in manufacturing and engineering. This study investigates it in a ferrohydrodynamics magnetized hybrid ferrofluid on a slip stretching sheet affected by suction and injection. Using the modified Tiwari and Das model, the behavior of the hybrid ferrofluid, magnetite ferrite ( F e 3 O 4 ) and cobalt ferrite ( CoF e 2 O 4 ) based-water and ethylene glycol are explored. The governing partial differential equations are simplified via a similarity technique and solved using the Keller box method. Forced convection reduces velocity profile and shear stress more rapidly than mixed and natural convection, exhibiting distinct thermal field and Nusselt number patterns. Injection increases shear stress by 71.98%, 83%, and 87.08% under forced, mixed, and natural convection, while suction raises it by 25.96%, 28.50%, and 28.53%, respectively. Under suction, natural convection drop by 5.12% Nusselt number, slightly less than forced (5.36%) and mixed convection (5.15%). Ferrohydrodynamics significantly influences flow and heat transfer.

Analytical and numerical investigation for viscoelastic fluid with heat transfer analysis during rollover-web coating phenomena

Abstract The current study theoretically and computationally analyses the viscoelastic Sisko fluids during the non-isothermal rollover web phenomenon. The mathematical modeling produces a system of partial differential equations, which we further simplify into ordinary differential equations through appropriate transformations. We have formulated the problem based on the lubrication approximation theory. The solution has been obtained with the perturbation method, and the outcomes are found in mathematical, tabular, and graphical forms that highlight the influence of pertinent parameters on velocity profiles, pressure gradients, flow rates per unit width, Nusselt number, pressure profile, temperature distributions, and other significant engineering quantities. Further, A comparative analysis between analytic and numerical solutions, utilizing the middefer method in the Maple environment, demonstrates reasonable agreement. Also, we observe that the fluid parameter significantly influences both velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, the determination of a separation point 2.5000, accompanied by the observation of a maximum coating thickness of 0.6960. The enhancement in fluid heat transfer rate is approximately 5% compared to non-Newtonian fluid parameter values, with potential for further improvement by increasing the non-Newtonian parameter values. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights for practical implementation and future scholarly endeavors, with zero-order findings showcasing enhanced precision.

The Soret-Dufour Effects on Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics Newtonian Fluid Flow over an Inclined Plane

The three-dimensional (3D) model of the fluid flow model with length, breadth, and height or depth is the advanced and precise version from the two-dimensional (2D) model which just lies on a flat surface. The heat transfer in the boundary layer flow have numerous applications in the production of polymer, plastic films, and paper production. Therefore, this paper solves 3D magnetohydrodynamics Newtonian fluid flow model with the effect of Soret-Dufour parameters. Compared with the previous report where the 3D model is without the inclination angle (all the axes are located at their fixed position), this paper considers the boundary xy-plane being projected by a certain angle from the z-axis. The initial partial differential equations (PDEs) are subsequently reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The MATLAB bvp4c program is chosen to solve the ODEs and the results velocity profile, temperature profile, concentration profile, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number. It can be inferred that the magnetic parameter is responsible to the decrement of the velocity profile and skin frictions coefficient. The enhancement of the temperature and the local Sherwood number are caused by the Dufour number. Besides, concentration and the local Nusselt number are enhancing due to the increasing Soret number.

Significance of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on magnetized-Marangoni convective flow of dusty Casson hybrid (AA7072+AA7075/sodium alginate) nanofluid with Soret and Dufour effects

ABSTRACT In the current study, mass and heat transfer flow of radiated Casson hybrid nanofluid with nanoparticles and dust deferment over sheet are explored. The Soret and Dufour effects, activation energy and microorganisms in the hybrid nanofluid model are described. Marangoni convection, a prominent occurrence in microgravity caused by surface tension gradients. It can be used for many different things, such as the creation of molten crystals, thin-film diffusion, the generation of vapour bubbles during nucleation, and semiconductor manufacturing. In sodium alginate, we wondered about the aluminium alloys AA7072 and AA7075. The aluminium alloys included in this study are specially made materials with improved heat transmission characteristics. aluminium and zinc are combined in AA7072 alloy in the ratios of 98 & 1, respectively, with the addition of silicon, ferrous metals, and copper. Similarly, AA7075 is a blend of aluminium, magnesium, zinc, and copper in the proportions of ~ 90, ~3, ~6, and ~ 1, respectively, with silicon ferrous and magnesium as additional metals. The controlling PDEs are transformed into nonlinear ODEs with the aid of a new set of similarity variables. These ODEs are then numerically solved using the RKF-45th method. The findings show that when the Marangoni convection parameter increases, the concentration, temperature, and microbiological characteristics drop while the velocity profile increases for both the dust and fluid phases.

Fractal Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convective Prandtl-Eyring Nanofluid Flow with Space and Temperature-Dependent Heat Source

Fractal Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convective Prandtl-Eyring Nanofluid Flow with Space and Temperature-Dependent Heat Source